Now to the third part of our series on the science behind construction cranes, in which we will examine the role of the hydraulic cylinder. The first two parts describes briefly how levers and pulleys, respectively, contribute to crane lifting force. Subsequent and final section will be perhaps the most important scientific principle in lifting strength maximization: mechanical advantage.
What is a hydraulic jack? The simple answer is sealed cylinder or a circular Prism, which is entirely filled with some type of liquid, usually an oil with two openings for two pistons. The pistons can be connected to the bottle in various configurations.
If we assume that the pistons are the same size in a hydraulic cylinder and there is no friction when a piston is pressed down, another will go upwards with equal force, speed and distance. Thus, if a compresses a piston downward in two centimeters, another piston should depress centimetres two upward.
The advantage of this system allows you to easily redirect forces. A fixed piston can horizontally move another piston attached vertically, while other machines are not such easy translation of direction, we have seen with pulleys and levers. With levers and pulleys, force down will force moving upwards and vice versa, and a force right will result in a force on the left and vice versa. Hydraulic cylinder can be a force in a direction to be transferred in all possible directions up, down, forward, backward, left or right.
Hydraulic cylinder can multiply the forces by maximising torque, as we saw with the lever and the pulley. If a piston has an area of 6 units of squares, and another has a piston 2 units square, the force to push down on the smallest piston will appear 3 times greater on the larger piston. For example, if it pushes the piston 2-square-unit downwards with a force of 500-pound piston 6 square unit to receive boost with the strength of 1500 books. However, the distance the larger piston moves is 3 times less that the distance moved smallest piston to create force 1500 books.
Similar to the lever and pulley, almost all cranes are also using hydraulic cylinder in one form or fashion. The crane can be used a hydraulic cylinder to lift the load directly, but a hydraulics can be used to down a crane arm or move a jib or beam that carries the lifting mechanism.
In conclusion, the hydraulic cylinder is quite similar to the pulley and the lever for its frequent use cranes and its manipulation of the couple. However, the hydraulic cylinder distinguished due to its ability to redirect forces different plans. However, all three, the lever, pulley, and hydraulic cylinder collectively maximize the mechanical advantage to lift large objects. In the next article we will examine exactly what mechanical advantage is and how it is applied to the cranes.
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